Louisiana Creole people | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Louisiana Creole people

00:04:27 1 History
00:04:36 1.1 1st French period
00:07:05 1.1.1 Casket girls
00:09:21 1.2 Spanish period
00:10:50 1.3 2nd French period and Louisiana Purchase
00:15:33 2 Ethnic blend and race
00:24:22 3 Culture
00:24:31 3.1 Cuisine
00:28:38 3.2 Music
00:31:21 3.3 Language
00:35:32 3.4 New Orleans Mardi Gras
00:37:50 4 Creole places
00:37:59 4.1 Cane River Creoles
00:40:27 4.2 Pointe Coupee Creoles
00:42:40 4.3 Avoyelles Creoles
00:43:46 4.4 Evangeline Parish Creoles
00:48:07 4.5 St. Landry Creoles
00:49:40 5 Notable people
00:49:49 6 See also
00:50:27 7 Notes
00:50:35 8 Further reading

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SUMMARY
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Louisiana Creole people (French: Créoles de Louisiane, Spanish: Criollos de Luisiana), are persons descended from the inhabitants of colonial Louisiana during the period of both French and Spanish rule. The term creole was originally used by French settlers to distinguish persons born in Louisiana from those born in the mother country or elsewhere. As in many other colonial societies around the world, creole was a term used to mean those who were “native-born”, especially native-born Europeans such as the French and Spanish. It also came to be applied to African-descended slaves and Native Americans who were born in Louisiana. Louisiana Creoles share cultural ties such as the traditional use of the French and Louisiana Creole languages and predominant practice of Catholicism.Starting with the native-born children of the French, then later the Spanish in Louisiana, ‘Creole’ came to be used to describe these Louisiana-born people of full European descent. Creole has its roots in Latin America meaning native-born. Creole was used casually as an identity in the 1700’s in Louisiana. Starting in the very early 1800’s in Louisiana, Creole began to take on a more political meaning and solid identity, especially for those of Latinate culture versus the newly arriving Americans from the Upper South and the North. In the early 19th century, amid the Haitian Revolution, thousands of refugees (both whites and free people of color from Saint-Domingue (affranchis or gens de couleur libres) arrived in New Orleans, often bringing their African slaves with them and essentially doubling the city’s population. As more refugees were allowed in Louisiana, Haitian émigrés who had first gone to Cuba also arrived. These groups had strong influences on the city and its culture. Half of the white émigrė population of Haiti settled in Louisiana, especially in the greater New Orleans area. Later immigrants to New Orleans, such as Irish, Germans, and Italians, also married into the Creole groups. However, there was a sizable German creole group of full German descent, centering on the parishes of St. Charles and St. John the Baptist. Over time this group absorbed many French Creoles, who are Louisiana-born whites of colonial heritage. French Creoles made up the majority of white Creoles in Louisiana. Louisiana Creoles are mostly Catholic in religion. Throughout the 19th century, most Creoles spoke French and were strongly connected to French colonial culture. The sizeable Spanish Creole communities of Saint Bernard Parish and Galveztown spoke Spanish. The Malagueños of New Iberia spoke Spanish as well. The Isleños and Malagueños were Louisiana-born whites of creole heritage. (Since the mid-twentieth century, the number of Spanish-speaking Creoles has declined in favor of English speakers, and few people under 80 years old speak Spanish.) They have maintained cultural traditions from the Canary Islands, where their ancestors came from, to the present. However, just like the Spanish Creoles, native languages of all creole groups such as the French Creoles, German Creoles and Creoles of color, have declined over the years in favor of English. The different varieties of Louisiana’s Creoles shaped the state’s culture, particularly in the southern areas around New Orleans and the plantation dis …

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